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Learning vocabulary

general advice

What do you need to learn?

1

How many words are there in English? At least:

a) 10,000 b) 100,000 c) 250,000 d) 500,000

2 Winston Churchill was famous for his particularly large vocabulary. How many words

did he use in his writing?

a) 10,000 b) 60,000 c) 100,000 d) 120,000

3

How many words does the average native English speaker use in hislher everyday speech?

a) 2,500 b) 5,000 c) 7,500 d) 10,000

4 How many words make up 45% of everything written in English?

a) 50 b) 250 c) 1,000 d) 2,500

To sum up, there are many words you don't need at all and there are other words that you

simply need to understand when you read or hear them. Finally, there are words which you

need to be able to use yourself. Clearly you need to spend most time learning this last group.

In the text below mark the words you'd like to be able to use.

English vocabulary has a remarkable range, flexibility and adaptability. Thanks to the

periods of contact with foreign languages and its readiness to coin new words out of old

elements, English seems to have far more words in its core vocabulary than other

languages. For example, alongside kingly (from Anglo-Saxon) we find royal (from

French) and regal (from Latin). There are many such sets of words which add greatly to

our opportunities to express subtle shades of meaning

various levels of style.

-

*

You probably marked many words that you would like to be able to use. Unless you are

studying linguistics, however, you probably need only to understand, rather than to use, the

verb 'coin' as used in the context above.

What does knowing a new word mean?

It is not enough lust to know the meaning of a word. You also need to know:

-

a) what words it is usually associated with

b) whether it has any particular grammatical characteristics

c) how it is pronounced

Try to learn new words not in isolation but in phrases.

Write down adjectives together with nouns they are often associated with and vice versa,

e.g. royal family; rich vocabulary.

Write down verbs with the structure and nouns associated with them, e.g. to add to our

knowledge of the subject; to express an opinion.

Write down nouns in phrases, e.g. in contact with; a train set; shades of opinion.

Write down words with their prepositions, e.g. at a high level; thanks to your help.

Note any grammatical characteristics of the words you are studying. For example, note

when a verb is irregular and when a noun is uncountable or is only used in the plural.

Make a note of any special pronunciation problems with the words you're learning.

English Vocabulary in Use

1

How could you record the following?

a) chilly b) dissuade c) king d) up to the ears e) independent f) get married

2

What would you record beside the following words?

a) scissors b) weather c) teach d) advice e) lose f) trousers

3

What might you note beside the following words?

a) comb b) catastrophe c) photograph/photographer

Can you learn just by reading or listening to English?

You will certainly help yourself to learn English vocabulary not only by studying with this

book but also by reading and listening to English. Give each of the items on the lists below a

mark from 0 to

describing how important this way of learning vocabulary could be for

you personally.

3

newspapers

subtitled) cinema magazines video

radio (e.g. BBC World Service) academic or professional literature fiction

simplified readers (with or without cassettes)

music or other cassettes talking to native speakers

What should you do when you come across new words?

When you are reading something in English, don't look up every new word or expression or

you will soon get fedVup. Only look upsomething that is ;eally important for understanding

the text. When you have finished reading, look back at what you have read and then perhaps

look up some extra words and write down new expressions that interest you.

Similarly when you listen to English don't panic when you hear some words or expressions

that you don't know. Keep listening and the overall meaning will often become clear.

When you read or listen to English it is sometimes possible to guess the meaning of a word

you don't know before you look up or ask its meaning. Decide first what part of speech the

word is and then look for clues in its context or form.

Before you read the text below, check whether you know what the underlined words mean.

A tortoise is a shelled reptile famed for its slowness and lonaevitv.

The Giant Tortoise of the Galapagos may attain over 1.5 metres in

length and have a lifespan of more than 150 years. Smaller tortoises

from Southern Europe and North Africa make popular pets. They

need to be tended carefully in cool climates and must have a warm

place in which they can hibernate.

4

Which of the marked words can you perhaps guess from the context or from the way the

word is formed? Guess and then check whether you were correct by using a dictionary. Some

words are impossible to guess from context or the structure of the word. In such cases, ask

someone or go to a dictionary for help.

How are you going to plan your vocabulary learning?

1

How many words and expressions do you intend to learn each week?

a)

15 d) more Chan 15

2

Where and when are you going to learn them?

a) on your way to school or work b) before dinner c) in bed d) other

3

How often are you going to revise your work?

a) once a week b) once a month c) before a test d) once a year

English Vocabulary in Use

2

Learning vocabulary

aids to learning

Learn words with associated meanings together.

Learning words together that are associated in meaning is a popular and useful way of

organising your vocabulary study.

1

Complete this network for the word CAT. Add as many other bubbles as you like.

If possible, compare your network with those done by other students. Add any of their

ideas that you like to your network.

Learn words with a grammatical association together.

2

Here are some groups of words, each of which has a grammatical connection. Can you

see what the connection is? What other words could you add to these groups?

a) child tooth ox b) cut split burst c) information furniture food

Learn together words based on the same root.

3

Can you add any words or expressions to these two groups?

a) price priceless overpriced

b) handy single-handed give me a hand

Pictures and diagrams can help you learn

Here are some ways in which pictures might help you to remember vocabulary.

Can you draw any pictures that would help you remember the following vocabulary?

a circle to look a gift horse in the mouth screwdriver

English Vocabulary in Use

Word trees can be useful.

1

Look at the word tree for holiday. Now complete a tree for school.

Word forks are good ways of learning adjectives and verbs.

2

Look at the complete word forks below. Finish the others.

o r i g a l

-

J

bri lliant edit

!

direct

I

Matrices can also clarify collocations.

This book will sometimes use matrices to help to clarify word associations. Look at the

following example of a matrix:

3

Now complete the following sentences.

a) She has always wanted to have the chance to

a train.

b)

passenger aircraft.

C)

a motorbike can be very dangerous.

You will do moie practice with these and ot

her ways of writing down vocabulary in Unit

Esa es la parte que les sirve de referencia para saber cómo se busca y se aprende otro Idioma,en este caso el Inglés.

Ahora les hablaré de Fotografía:

Cómo pueden ver en ésta Página hay fotos que he tomado durante diferentes épocas de mi vida o me han sido tomadas, Se guardaron durante muchos años y ahora las edité dos veces. Primero con un programa para Scannear de Hewlett Packard y después con un pru un programa pequeñito para edición de  Phothoshop que es buenisimo y permite hacer efectos interesantisimos. La fotografía es una pasión que nmos acompaña toda la vida y el ojo se vuelve experto y sabe enseguida dónde hay una buena Foto o Toma. Sabemos también cuándo debemos dejar de editar una foto y que efecto tenemos que usar en cada una de ellas. Realmente cada uno de nosotros es un fotográfo en potencia porque en alguna ocadsión en su vida las ha tomado y les garantizo que alguna de ellas debe ser un tesoro. Al que le interese la Fotografía les aconsejo que miren mi Facebook pues allí tengo más de 189 fotos que acabo de editar y algunas son bien interesantes y otras muy raras. Ha sido un placer compartir con ustedes en este maravilloso curso y espero que sigamos viendo nuestras actividades futuras a través de nuestras diferentes páginas. Resalto aquí la labor de nuestra maravillosa-Y Hermosisima-tutora que con tanta sapiencia,paciencia,y diligencia nos ayudó,animó y aconsejó siempre: Va mi eterno agradecimiento para ella y que El Altísimo la Bendiga y la guarde siempre! Chaprâu Dicen los Franceses! Me quito el sombrero! Y le agradezco de todo corazón: Usted hizo una labor amorosa,meritoria,y maravillosa y si alguien dice lo contraria será porque no supo utlizar las herramientas que Ud. puso gentilmente a nuestra disposición. Lo digo yo que me quedan 5 minutos para enteregar el trabajo. ëxitos en todo lo que emprendas en la existencia:Lo Mereces y Un Abrazo Sincero!!! AJCV........

Help yourself to learn by learning associated words together